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Production RatesExcavationExcavationBulk Excavation

Bulk Excavation

Planning and Estimating Production Rates

Excavation Bulking Factor
MaterialSlowAveFast
Sand / Soil-15.0%20.0%
Gravel-33.0%-
Clay / Chalk-40.0%-
Boulder Clay-45.0%-
Rock-60.0%-
Spoil Weight
MaterialSlowAveFast
Rock-2.5 Tonnes/m³ - 2.08 Tonnes/yd³-
Concrete-2.4 Tonnes/m³ - 2.01 Tonnes/yd³-
Landfill / CDG-1.9 Tonnes/m³ - 1.59 Tonnes/yd³-
Sand-1.8 Tonnes/m³ - 1.51 Tonnes/yd³-
Mounted Grab
EquipmentSlowAveFast
Rail Mounted Grab – 2.0m³ bucket (2.4 min cycle)30.0 m³/hr - 39.24 yd³/hr48.0 m³/hr - 62.81 yd³/hr59.0 m³/hr - 77.17 yd³/hr
Crane Mounted Clamshell Grab – 2.0m³ bucket (2.9 min cycle)25.0 m³/hr - 32.70 yd³/hr33.0 m³/hr - 43.16 yd³/hr41.0 m³/hr - 53.63 yd³/hr
Crane Mounted Clamshell Grab – 2.5m³ bucket (2.9 min cycle)34.0 m³/hr - 44.47 yd³/hr42.0 m³/hr - 54.93 yd³/hr52.0 m³/hr - 67.97 yd³/hr
Hydraulic Excavator
DescriptionSlowAveFast
0.3m³ bucket – Sand / Soil6.9 m³/hr - 9.02 yd³/hr8.7 m³/hr - 11.38 yd³/hr10.2 m³/hr - 13.34 yd³/hr
0.4m³ bucket – Sand / Soil23.4 m³/hr - 30.60 yd³/hr28.6 m³/hr - 37.47 yd³/hr33.4 m³/hr - 43.70 yd³/hr
0.5m³ bucket – Sand / Soil45.5 m³/hr - 59.51 yd³/hr50.0 m³/hr - 65.40 yd³/hr58.0 m³/hr - 75.87 yd³/hr
0.3m³ bucket – Gravel Beds5.6 m³/hr - 7.32 yd³/hr7.1 m³/hr - 9.29 yd³/hr8.2 m³/hr - 10.73 yd³/hr
0.4m³ bucket – Gravel Beds20.5 m³/hr - 26.81 yd³/hr25.0 m³/hr - 32.70 yd³/hr29.0 m³/hr - 37.93 yd³/hr
0.5m³ bucket – Gravel Beds36.8 m³/hr - 48.13 yd³/hr40.0 m³/hr - 52.32 yd³/hr46.0 m³/hr - 60.17 yd³/hr
0.3m³ bucket – Clay / Chalk5.6 m³/hr - 7.32 yd³/hr7.1 m³/hr - 9.29 yd³/hr8.3 m³/hr - 10.86 yd³/hr
0.4m³ bucket – Clay / Chalk20.5 m³/hr - 26.81 yd³/hr25.0 m³/hr - 32.70 yd³/hr28.7 m³/hr - 37.59 yd³/hr
0.5m³ bucket – Clay / Chalk37.0 m³/hr - 48.39 yd³/hr40.0 m³/hr - 52.32 yd³/hr46.0 m³/hr - 60.17 yd³/hr
0.3m³ bucket – Hard Ground4.5 m³/hr - 5.89 yd³/hr6.1 m³/hr - 7.98 yd³/hr7.2 m³/hr - 9.42 yd³/hr
0.4m³ bucket – Hard Ground17.9 m³/hr - 23.41 yd³/hr22.2 m³/hr - 29.04 yd³/hr25.0 m³/hr - 32.70 yd³/hr
0.5m³ bucket – Hard Ground25.7 m³/hr - 33.61 yd³/hr28.6 m³/hr - 37.47 yd³/hr32.9 m³/hr - 43.03 yd³/hr
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